1082 Results for: "Test Lead"

Supplier: Prosci

STK39 is a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress.

Supplier: Genetex

Platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 170-185 kDa which undergoes homo or heterodimerization into complexes of alpha and beta subunits upon ligand binding, depending on the isoform of PDGF (PDGF AA, BB or AB) that binds. The phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the now activated receptor can control multiple signaling events such as actin reorganization, transcription, cell growth, migration and differentiation, and also lead to activation of the Ras, Raf and ERK 1 and 2 pathway.

Supplier: Genetex

Human interleukin 2 (IL2) is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors, is comprised of five invariable chains ranging from 16-28 kDa and is closely associated with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). CD3 is expressed on 70-80% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and on 10-20% of thymocytes. It plays a major role in signaling during antigen recognition, leading to T cell activation. The monoclonal antibody UCHT1 reacts with the 20 kDa ε chain of the CD3/TCR complex.

Supplier: Genetex

Prostaglandin E Receptor EP4 is a member of the G protein coupled receptor family. This protein is one of four receptors identified for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This receptor can activate T cell factor signaling. It has been shown to mediate PGE2 induced expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), regulate the level and stability of cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA, and lead to the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this receptor may be involved in the neonatal adaptation of circulatory system, osteoporosis, as well as initiation of skin immune responses.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Genetex

Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system (By similarity). A second ligand, the heditary hemochromatosis protein HFE, competes for binding with transferrin for an overlapping C-terminal binding site.

Supplier: Prosci

IL19 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL10 cytokine subfamily. This cytokine is found to be preferentially expressed in monocytes. It can bind the IL20 receptor complex and lead to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). A similar cytokine in mouse is reported to up-regulate the expression of IL6 and TNF-alpha and induce apoptosis, which suggests a role of this cytokine in inflammatory responses. Little is known about the biologic function and gene regulation of IL19.

Supplier: Genetex

The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a major role in cellular response to DNA damage and other genomic aberrations. The activation of p53 can lead to either cell cycle arrest and DNA repair or apoptosis. p53 is phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo and by several different protein kinases in vitro. p53 can apparently be phosphorylated by ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK at Ser15; the phosphorylation impairs the ability of MDM2 to bind p53, promoting both the accumulation and functional activation of p53 in response to DNA damage.

Supplier: Genetex

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram negative enteric bacteria that live in the human gut. Its presence in nature is an indication of human feacal pollution. E. coli also causes human disease such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Infection with particular enterotoxigenic strains can lead to life threatening intestinal diseases. E. coli are distinguished immunologically by serotyping based on three types of antigen: the somatic or O antigen which corresponds to terminal sugars on the cell surface lipopolysaccharide, the capsular or K antigens and the flagellar or H antigens.

Supplier: Genetex

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram negative enteric bacteria that live in the human gut. Its presence in nature is an indication of human feacal pollution. E. coli also causes human disease such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Infection with particular enterotoxigenic strains can lead to life threatening intestinal diseases. E. coli are distinguished immunologically by serotyping based on three types of antigen: the somatic or O antigen which corresponds to terminal sugars on the cell surface lipopolysaccharide, the capsular or K antigens and the flagellar or H antigens.

Supplier: Prosci

Frizzled-4 (FZD4) is also known as FzE4, CD344, which belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. FZD4 contains one FZ (frizzled) domain. FZD4 may be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues. FZD4 interacts with MAGI3 and norrin (NDP).

Supplier: Prosci

Wnt1 is a secreted protein that signals through the Frizzled family of cell surface receptors and is required for normal embryonic development. Wnt1 activation induces a complex signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the increased expression of over fifty genes. An important component of Wnt1 signaling is the stabilization, and resulting accumulation, of the intracellular signaling protein, beta catenine. Mature human Wnt1 is a glycosylated protein containing 343 amino acid residues.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Prosci

Wnt1 is a secreted protein that signals through the Frizzled family of cell surface receptors and is required for normal embryonic development. Wnt1 activation induces a complex signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the increased expression of over fifty genes. An important component of Wnt1 signaling is the stabilization, and resulting accumulation, of the intracellular signaling protein, beta catenine. Mature human Wnt1 is a glycosylated protein containing 343 amino acid residues.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Genetex

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram negative enteric bacteria that live in the human gut. Its presence in nature is an indication of human feacal pollution. E. coli also causes human disease such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Infection with particular enterotoxigenic strains can lead to life threatening intestinal diseases. E. coli are distinguished immunologically by serotyping based on three types of antigen: the somatic or O antigen which corresponds to terminal sugars on the cell surface lipopolysaccharide, the capsular or K antigens and the flagellar or H antigens.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin-18 receptor 1 (IL18R1) is also known as CD218 antigen-like family member A (CD218a), IL1 receptor-related protein (IL-1Rrp or IL1R-rp), CDw218a, IL18Ra, IL1RRP, which belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. IL18R1 contains three Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and one TIR domain. IL18R1 is receptor for interleukin 18 (IL-18). IL18R1 binds to the agonist leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B, but does not bind IL1A/interleukin-1 alpha or IL1B/interleukin-1 beta.

Supplier: Prosci

CD Antigen CD27 is also known as Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7 (TNFRSF7), which belongs to TNF-receptor superfamily. CD27 / TNFRSF7 is found in most T-lymphocytes. CD27 / TNFRSF7 is required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity. It binds to ligand CD70, and plays a key role in regulating B-cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis. This receptor transduces signals that lead to the activation of NF-?B and MAPK8/JNK. CD27 has been shown to interact with SIVA1, TRAF2 and TRAF3.

Supplier: Adipogen

Human CD154 (CD40 ligand) is a member of the TNF family and is expressed on the surface of activated T cells. Interaction of CD154 and CD40 is essential for isotype switching in B cells. Known genetic defects that alter this interaction lead to impaired immune system function. CD154 has been shown to be hyperexpressed by B and T cells in SLE patients. CD154 has been reported to be expressed on vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages indicating a possible role for the CD40-CD154 immunoregulatory signaling mechanism during inflammation and immunity in atherogenesis.

Supplier: Prosci

Group I of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors includes GRM1 and GRM5, receptors that have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Alternative splice variants of GRM5 have been described, but their full-length nature has not been determined. Inflammation results in the activation of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord, leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which is required for nociceptive plasticity and enhanced pain. GRM5 is involved in inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia and potentially in schizophrenia

Supplier: Genetex

Insulin is one of the major regulatory hormones of intermediate metabolism throughout the body. The biological actions of this hormone involve integration of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Insulin enhances membrane transport of glucose, amino acids, and certain ions. It also promotes glycogen storage,formation of triglycerides and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Immunocytochemical investigations have localized insulin in the B or b-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes mellitus, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Insulin is also present in tumors of b-cell origin such as insulinoma.

Supplier: Biogems

The Ber-H2 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD30, a 120kDA type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR) also known as the Ki-1 antigen. CD30 can elicit signals leading to either activation or apoptosis through interaction with CD30 ligand (CD30L). It is expressed by a subset of extrafollicular activated B and T cells, lung macrophages, activated NK cells, lymphomas, and endothelial cells. It is highly expressed on Hodgkins and Reed-Sternberg cells.

Supplier: Prosci

NMDA receptors are members of the ionotropic class of glutamate receptors, which also includes Kainate and AMPA receptors. NMDA receptors consist of NR1 subunits combined with one or more NR2 (A-D) or NR3 (A-B) subunits. The ligand-gated channel is permeable to cations including Ca2+, and at resting membrane potentials NMDA receptors are inactive due to a voltage-dependent blockade of the channel pore by Mg2+. NMDA receptor activation, which requires binding of glutamate and glycine, leads to an influx of Ca2+ into the postsynaptic region where it activates several signaling cascades, including pathways leading to the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). NMDA receptors have a critical role in excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in the CNS. They govern a range of physiological conditions including neurological disorders caused by excitotoxic neuronal injury, psychiatric disorders and neuropathic pain syndromes.

Supplier: Prosci

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: Genetex

Integrin beta 1, also known as CD29, is a 130 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that forms noncovalent complexes with various Integrin alpha subunits (including alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, and alpha 6, also known as CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49d, CD49e, and CD49f, respectively) to form the functional receptors that bind to specific extracellular matrix proteins. Integrin receptors are involved in the regulation of a variety of important biological functions, including embryonic development, wound repair, hemostasis, and prevention of programmed cell death. They are also implicated in abnormal pathological states such as tumor directed angiogenesis, tumor cell growth, and metastasis. These heterodimeric receptors bridge the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton with proteins present in the extracellular matrix and/or on adjacent cells. The clustering of integrins on a cell surface leads to the formation of focal contacts. Interactions between integrins and the extracellular matrix lead to activation of signal transduction pathways and regulation of gene expression.

Supplier: Prosci

GPR37 is an Orphan-A GPCR with an unknown ligand. GPR37 was recently identified as the PAEL receptor, a Parkin substrate involved in autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's (PDJ) disease. The PAEL receptor becomes unfolded, insoluble, and ubiquitinated when overexpressed, leading to unfolded protein-induced cell death. When the PAEL receptor is ubiquitinated by Parkin, it gets degraded, resulting in the suppression of cell death. The insoluble form of the PAEL receptor accumulates in the brains of PDJ patients and may cause selective neuronal death.

Supplier: Genetex

Insulin is one of the major regulatory hormones of intermediate metabolism throughout the body. The biological actions of this hormone involve integration of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Insulin enhances membrane transport of glucose, amino acids, and certain ions. It also promotes glycogen storage,formation of triglycerides and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Immunocytochemical investigations have localized insulin in the B or b-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes mellitus, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Insulin is also present in tumors of b-cell origin such as insulinoma.

Supplier: Prosci

STK39 is a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress.This gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is thought to function in the cellular stress response pathway. The kinase is activated in response to hypotonic stress, leading to phosphorylation of several cation-chloride-coupled cotransporters. The catalytically active kinase specifically activates the p38 MAP kinase pathway, and its interaction with p38 decreases upon cellular stress, suggesting that this kinase may serve as an intermediate in the response to cellular stress. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Supplier: Prosci

May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Soluble protein, normally localized primarily at the presynaptic region of axons, which can form filamentous aggregates that are the major non amyloid component of intracellular inclusions in several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase-3 activation.