1082 Results for: "Test Lead"

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin 2 (IL2) is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. IL2 has been shown to have antitumor effects in some studies. This is probably mediated by cytotoxic effector cells.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin 2 (IL2) is a secreted cytokine that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. IL2 has been shown to have antitumor effects in some studies. This is probably mediated by cytotoxic effector cells.

Supplier: Bachem Americas

CART (Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript) is a recently discovered peptide, which was initially identified as mRNA produced primarily in the rat hypothalamus after administration of psychomotor stimulants. It is a satiety factor and closely associated with the actions of two important regulators of food intake, leptin and neuropeptide Y. When systemic leptin or receptors for leptin are inhibited, expression of CART mRNA is suppressed. CART (55-102) has been isolated from the hypothalamus of ovine suggesting in vivo processing at the Lys⁵³-Arg⁵⁴ region. When injected intracerebroventricularly into rats, recombinant CART peptides inhibited both normal and starvation-induced feeding, and completely blocked the feeding response induced by neuropeptide Y. Thus far, CART (55-102) appears to be the most potent fragment with a conserved secondary structure consisting of three disulfide bridges. Disruption of this secondary structure by reduction leads to a loss of the appetite induction.

Supplier: Prosci

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha belongs to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases, Cdc2/cdkx subfamily，GSK3 subsubfamily. It is implicated in the hormonal control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, myb, and the transcription factor c jun. GSK3 phosphorylates glycogen synthase and thereby inactivates it. Insulin stimulates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase at the sites phosphorylated by GSK3 and subsequently inhibits GSK3 acutely leading to the stimulation of glycogen synthesis. GSK3 signaling is performed by two isoforms, GSK3 alpha and GSK3 beta. The two isoforms share 97% sequence similarity within their catalytic domains. GSK3 has also been shown to play a role in protein synthesis, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, microtubule dynamics and cell motility.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The OKT8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Prosci

PTK6 (protein tyrosine kinase 6, BRK or FLJ42088),with 451-amino acid protein (about 51 kDa), encods a cytoplasmic nonreceptor protein kinase which may function as an intracellular signal transducer in epithelial tissues. Its presence in the nucleus appears to be linked to suppression of tumor progression. The encoded protein has been shown to undergo autophosphory-lation. Very high level in colon and high levels in small intestine and prostate, and low levels in some fetal tissues. And Expressed at low level in some breast tumors, but not in normal breast. Also found in melanocytes, but not expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. Overexpression of this gene in mammary epithelial cells leads to sensitization of the cells to epidermal growth factor and results in a partially transformed phenotype.

Supplier: Prosci

Aipl1 Antibody: Aipl1 was initially identified as a protein implicated in Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), an autosomal recessive disorder thought to be caused by the abnormal development of photoreceptors. Aipl1 is a tetratricopeptide repeat protein that is highly homologous to ARA9, a protein involved in the HSP90-mediated nuclear translocation and transactivation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Aipl1 has also been found to function as part of a chaperone heterocomplex, interacting with Hsp90 and Hsp70. Aipl1 also associates with the cell cycle regulator NUB1. It is thought that Aipl1 cooperates with Hsp70 but not Hsp90 to suppress the formation of NUB1 inclusions, and these interactions are necessary in the normal photoreceptor maturation, as mutations that lead to LCA also compromise the interactions with the Hsp chaperones. At least three isoforms of Aipl1 are known to exist.

Supplier: Prosci

BCAS3 Antibody: The Breast carcinoma amplified sequence (BCAS3) gene is localized to 17q23, a region that is often amplified in breast cancers. Copy number gains at this region have also been reported in other tumors such as brain, lung, liver, testis and bladder. BCAS3 is thought to be an estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha co-activator that acts through PELP1, another ER-alpha that in turn activates BCAS3 expression. This may set up a positive feedback loop leading to ER-a signal amplification in the cell which may play a significant role in breast cancer. BCAS3 expression has also been observed in embryonic stem cells and vascular precursors, suggesting that it may also play a role in embryogenesis and tumor angiogenesis.

Supplier: Prosci

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha belongs to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases, Cdc2/cdkx subfamily; GSK3 subsubfamily. It is implicated in the hormonal control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, myb, and the transcription factor c jun. GSK3 phosphorylates glycogen synthase and thereby inactivates it. Insulin stimulates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase at the sites phosphorylated by GSK3 and subsequently inhibits GSK3 acutely leading to the stimulation of glycogen synthesis. GSK3 signaling is performed by two isoforms, GSK3 alpha and GSK3 beta. The two isoforms share 97% sequence similarity within their catalytic domains. GSK3 has also been shown to play a role in protein synthesis, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, microtubule dynamics and cell motility.

Supplier: Prosci

PIAS1 Antibody: The PIAS proteins (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) play a crucial role as transcriptional coregulators in various cellular pathways, including the STAT, p53 and the steroid hormone signaling pathway. The PIAS protein family includes at least five evolutionarily conserved genes, including PIAS1. The major function of the PIAS proteins is the control of gene transcription and can also act as small ubiquitin-like-modifier (SUMO) E3 ligases. PIAS1 binds specifically to STAT1, inhibiting STAT1-mediated gene activation and also binds to the Gu/RNA helicase II enzyme, leading to the proteolytic cleavage of Gu/RH-II. PIAS1 is a potent co-activator for CP2c-mediated alpha-globin expression in erythroid cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The OKT8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Prosci

Cyclin-dependent kinase activity is regulated by T-loop phosphorylation (Thr172 in the case of CDK4), by the abundance of their cyclin partners, and by association with CDK inhibitors of the Cip/Kip or INK family of proteins. The inactive ternary complex of CDK4/cyclin D and p27 Kip1/Cip1 requires extracellular mitogenic stimuli for the release and degradation of p27, which affects progression through the restriction point and pRb-dependent entry into S-phase. The active complex of CDK4/cyclin D targets the retinoblastoma protein for phosphorylation, allowing the release of E2F transcription factors that activate G1/S-phase gene expression. In HeLa cells, upon UV irradiation, upregulation of p16 INK4A association with CDK4/cyclin D3 leads to a G2 delay, implicating CDK4/cyclin D3 activity in progression through the G2-phase of the cell cycle.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1 is also known as IL13RA1, NR4 and CD213A1 (cluster of differentiation 213A1), The IL13 R?1 cDNA encodes a 427 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a putative 21 aa residue signal peptide, a 324 aa residue extracellular domain, a 23 aa residue transmembrane region and a 59 aa residue cytoplasmic tail. Human and mouseIL13R?1 share 76% aa sequence identity. IL13RA1 is a subunit of the interleukin 13 receptor. This subunit forms a receptor complex with IL4 receptor alpha, a subunit shared by IL13 and IL4 receptors. This subunit serves as a primary IL13-binding subunit of the IL13 receptor, and may also be a component of IL4 receptors. This protein has been shown to bind tyrosine kinase TYK2, and thus may mediate the signaling processes that lead to the activation of JAK1, STAT3 and STAT6 induced by IL13 and IL4.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The OKT8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Prosci

Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is also called ERBB2, HER-2,HER-2/neu, NEU, NGL,TKR1 and c-erb B2,and is a protein giving higher aggressiveness in breast cancers. It is a member of the ErbB protein family, more commonly known as the epidermal growth factor receptor family. HER2 is a cell membrane surface-bound receptor tyrosine kinase and is normally involved in the signal transduction pathways leading to cell growth and differentiation. HER2 is thought to be an orphan receptor, with none of the EGF family of ligands able to activate it. Approximately 30% of breast cancers have an amplification of the HER2 gene or overexpression of its protein product. Overexpression of this receptor in breast cancer is associated with increased disease recurrence and worse prognosis. HER2 appears to play roles in development, cancer,communication at the neuromuscular junction andregulation of cell growth and differentiation.

Supplier: Genetex

Endotoxins are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxins are invariably associated with gram-negative bacteria whether the organisms are pathogens or not. Although the term "endotoxin" is occasionally used to refer to any cell-associated bacterial toxin, it is properly reserved to refer to the lipopolysaccharide complex associated with the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and other leading pathogens.The biological activity of endotoxin is associated with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Toxicity is associated with the lipid component (Lipid A) and immunogenicity is associated with the polysaccharide components. The cell wall antigens (O antigens) of gram-negative bacteria are components of LPS. LPS elicits a variety of inflammatory responses in an animal. Because it activates complement by the alternative (properdin) pathway, it is often part of the pathology of gram-negative bacterial infections.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RPA-T8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RPA-T8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Prosci

RWDD3 Antibody: RWDD3 (RSUME), a small RWD-containing protein, has a central role in sumoylation by enhancing SUMO conjugation in the regulatory network of immune-inflammatory signals. RWDD3 increases Ikappa Beta sumoylation and stability. In addition, RWDD3 inhibits TNF-alpha -induced kappaB-LUC (Luciferase) reporter activity, showing the functional consequence of Ikappa Beta increased stability. RSUME-enhanced sumoylation of Ikappa Beta leads to the inhibition of NF-kappa Beta activity on two well-known inflammatory genes, IL-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and therefore may also favor anti-inflammatory pathways. Expression of RWDD3 was induced under hypoxic conditions and it has a potential role during vascularization. Both BMP-4 and RWDD3 may be interesting targets for inhibiting steps involved in pituitary tumorigenesis.

Supplier: Prosci

Fibulin 3 Antibody: Fibulin 3, also known as epidermal growth factor (EGF)-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), is a member of the fibulin family of extracellular glycoproteins, a group of proteins that are widely distributed and frequently associated with vascular and elastic tissues. The fibulin proteins typically contain a tandem array of EGF-like repeats and a fibulin-type COOH-terminal module. Aberrant accumulation of Fibulin 3 in the endoplasmic reticulum of retinal pigment epithelial cells has been shown to be associated with inherited forms of macular degeneration, but the loss of Fibulin 3 expression does not lead to macular degeneration but rather the appearance of hernias due to a reduction of elastic fibers of fascial connective tissue. Recent experiments have shown that expression of Fibulin 3 promotes tumor growth and may thus be a therapeutic target.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1 is also known as IL13RA1, NR4 and CD213A1 (cluster of differentiation 213A1), The IL13 R?1 cDNA encodes a 427 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a putative 21 aa residue signal peptide, a 324 aa residue extracellular domain, a 23 aa residue transmembrane region and a 59 aa residue cytoplasmic tail. Human and mouseIL13R?1 share 76% aa sequence identity. IL13RA1 is a subunit of the interleukin 13 receptor. This subunit forms a receptor complex with IL4 receptor alpha, a subunit shared by IL13 and IL4 receptors. This subunit serves as a primary IL13-binding subunit of the IL13 receptor, and may also be a component of IL4 receptors. This protein has been shown to bind tyrosine kinase TYK2, and thus may mediate the signaling processes that lead to the activation of JAK1, STAT3 and STAT6 induced by IL13 and IL4.

Supplier: Prosci

B-raf Antibody: B-raf belongs to the raf/mil family of serine/threonine protein kinases and plays a role in regulating the MAP kinase/ERKs signaling pathway, which affects cell division, differentiation, and secretion. The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and Ras/PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathways interact with each other to regulate growth and in some cases tumorigenesis. Mutations in B-raf have been associated with several cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer, malignant melanoma, thyroid carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma of lung, leading to speculation on the possibility of B-raf as a therapeutic target for treating cancers. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS), a disease characterized by heart defects, mental retardation and a distinctive facial appearance.

Supplier: Genetex

Dynamin is a 100 kDa GTP binding protein that was first identified as a protein able to bind microtubules. A mutation in the Drosophila gene shits, encoding a dynamin homologue, prevents synaptic vesicle recycling and causes temperature-sensitive paralysis, implicating dynamin in the formation of coated vesicles. Dynamin may mediate vesicle formation by assembling into a ring structure around the necks of invaginated coated pits that may eventually lead to the closure of the neck and formation of vesicles. Amphiphysin, dynamin, clathrin and AP2 form a complex during synaptic vesicle endocytosis, which is regulated by the phosphorylated state of different components in this complex. To date, three genes have been found to encode dynamin isoforms. Dynamin 1 is neuronal specific, Dynamin 2 is ubiquitously expressed and Dynamin 3 localizes to testis, brain and lung.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The OKT8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The OKT8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The Hit8a antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Prosci

General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase.

Supplier: Prosci

Aipl1 Antibody: Aipl1 was initially identified as a protein implicated in Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), an autosomal recessive disorder thought to be caused by the abnormal development of photoreceptors. Aipl1 is a tetratricopeptide repeat protein that is highly homologous to ARA9, a protein involved in the HSP90-mediated nuclear translocation and transactivation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Aipl1 has also been found to function as part of a chaperone heterocomplex, interacting with Hsp90 and Hsp70. Aipl1 also associates with the cell cycle regulator NUB1. It is thought that Aipl1 cooperates with Hsp70 but not Hsp90 to suppress the formation of NUB1 inclusions, and these interactions are necessary in the normal photoreceptor maturation, as mutations that lead to LCA also compromise the interactions with the Hsp chaperones. At least three isoforms of Aipl1 are known to exist.

Supplier: Prosci

General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase.

Supplier: Prosci

ZC3H12A Antibody: ZC3H12A, also known as MCPIP, is an essential member of a family of novel CCCH-zinc finger proteins that regulate macrophage activation and may be involved in host immunity and inflammatory diseases. ZC3H12A has RNase activity that prevents some immune disorders by directly affecting the mRNA stability of interleukins such as IL-6 and IL12p40. Mice lacking the ZC3H12A gene suffered from severe anemia, and most dies within 12 weeks. Overexpression of ZC3H12A causes ER stress and induces a number of genes involved in apoptosis and autophagy, including JNK, PUMA, and beclin-1 in cardiac myoblasts, leading to cell death. ZC3H12A can also induce adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in the absence of PPAPgamma, demonstrating the complex roles ZC3H12A plays.